Cranial endocasts provide a representation of the area inside the cranial cavity, which allows for an estimate of the volume of the brain. They provide the details of the outer surface of the brain, taking into account that the space within the cavity is also filled with soft tissue structures such as blood vessels and nerves. Because endocasts are useful for comparing relative sizes of different areas of the brain, they are instrumental in evolutionary study. The Male Chimp endocast is from the BC-292 skull. We would like to thank Ralph Holloway, Professor of Anthropology at Columbia University, for the opportunity to cast the other nonhuman primate endocasts. For further information, download our Endocast Information.