Australopithecus afarensis Skull

BH-044 $396.00

3 MYA. A.L. 444-2 was discovered in 1992 by Yoel Rak in Hadar, Ethiopia, and analyzed with collaborators B. Kimbel and D. Johanson. A.L. 444-2, in addition to being the largest Australopithecus afarensis skull found to date, was the first discovery of an associated cranium and mandible for this taxon. Its size and morphological aspects indicate that it is clearly a male, and heavy dental wear suggests advanced age. Holloway and Yuan (2004) estimate its cranial capacity at 550 +/- 10ml. Before the discovery of A.L. 444-2, the A. afarensis species was known only from fragments of various skulls and a subsequent composite reconstruction, the accuracy of which had been questioned. This long awaited find (nearly 18 years after Lucy's discovery) confirmed the essential features of the composite and played a significant role in addressing other key questions about this taxon. In addition to underscoring the extensive sexual dimorphism present in A. afarensis, Kimbel et al. (1994, 2004) argue that the evident variability supports their argument for the taxonomic unity of the species. Further, they posit that in conjunction with the other finds from Hadar and Belohdelie, these fossils are evidence of a 900,000-year period of evolutionary stasis for A. afarensis.

The Bone Clones® Fossil Hominid line is composed of discoveries from anatomically modern humans, archaic humans, early Homo, early hominins, and other hominids. The majority of the casts in this line have been recreated by our team of anatomical sculptors. Some are reconstructions made by anthropology professionals using fragmentary elements from original discoveries and extrapolating the missing parts from those (i.e. Neanderthal skeleton). 

2-part skull (separate cranium & jaw).

Custom display stand available below.

Jaw available individually as well, please inquire.

Holloway, R.L., and Yuan, M.S. (2004). Endocranial Morphology of A. L. 444-2. In W. H. Kimbel, Y. Rak, and D.C. Johanson (Eds.) The skull of Australopithecus afarensis. New York: Oxford University Press, pp. 123-135.

Kimbel, W.H., Johanson, D.C., and Rak, Y. (1994). The first skull and other new discoveries ofAustralopithecus afarensis at Hadar, Ethiopia. Nature 368: 449-451.

Kimbel, W. H., Rak, Y. & Johanson, D. (2004). The skull of Australopithecus afarensis. New York: Oxford University Press.